Automatically Handling Selections in COMSOL Multiphysics®

This is Part 3 of a blog series on how to handle selections and entity numbers when using LiveLink™forMATLAB® and the COMSOL® Application Programming Interface (API). In this section, I’ll discuss how the internal handling of selections and entity numbers in COMSOL Multiphysics® simulation software is performed and how you can utilize these methods when setting up your own models.

Automatic Handling of Selections in a Model

When you make a change to a model, including changes to the geometry, COMSOL Multiphysics keeps track of most settings you have applied to the model and their associated selections. If you have a boundary condition applied to a set of boundaries, then the model remembers these settings — and even updates the entity numbers of the boundaries when they change due to changes to the geometry.

Of course, there are cases when settings can’t be kept. For instance, if you deleteall boundariesthat a certain boundary condition applies to, then the boundary condition will have an empty selection. Thus, it will not contribute to the model unless you manually add new boundaries to its selection.

InPart 2 of this blog series, we showed you a method of using coordinate-based selections using functionality in LiveLink™forMATLAB® to obtain entity numbers for setting up models. This is very easy to work with on the command line, but when working with selections in COMSOL Multiphysics, it is much easier to add selections via the user interface (UI) and then apply the physics settings to these selections rather than to the geometric entities. This way, you are leveraging the internal framework that keeps track of geometric entities and you do not need to use entity numbers when setting up a model.

There are two ways to add a selection to a model. The first method is to select theCreate Selectionscheck box that is available for every geometric operation.

This way, you can easily create selections that contain the output entities of the operation. Selections will be created for domain, boundaries, edges, and points. The name of the selections will consist of the tag of the geometry and object plus “_dom”, “_bnd”, “_edg”, and “_pnt”. For instance, for a rectangle with the tagr2the tag of the boundary selection becomesgeom1_r2_bnd.

The second method of adding selections to a model is to createnamed selectionsin the model tree. These can be added as nodes in theDefinitionsbranch of the model tree, as well as in thegeometry sequenceitself. It doesn’t matter very much where you add named selections, but selections in the geometry sequence can not only be used for physics or mesh settings but also as input to downstream geometry operations. By choosing descriptive names, you can obtain a good overview of the geometry sequence itself.

Using COMSOL Multiphysics Selections to Track Changes to the Geometry

Let’s take a look at a named selection in the geometry sequence. Navigate to theGeometry 1node in the model tree and right-click, then click on “Selections”. Upon doing so, you’ll see a list of different selection types:

The Box Selection corresponds to the commandmphselectbox, but since this selection is more tightly connected to the COMSOL Multiphysics geometry, it has more options. You can choose to include the entity either ifanythingis inside the Box or ifsomethingis inside it. You can alsogroup by continuous tangent, which allows you to select adjacent faces or edges that have continuous tangent (by some tolerance). I will not use these advanced features in this example.

For the example model of the heat sink, I will add two selections: one selection for the hot part of the heat sink and another selection for the cold side. In comparison, I made three calls tomphselectboxin Part 2 of the blog series. In order to get thehotselection, I simply select the check box forCreate Selectionsfor the rectangle that defines the first component. Since this rectangle is used in an Array operation, the selection is automatically extended to cover all parts of the array. For the cold side, a Box Selection is added to the end of the geometry sequence to include the upper part of the heat sink. Now, even if I add more fins — more rectangles — to the heat sink, the box selection will automatically include them, since it is the last node in the geometry sequence.

Box Selection configured to output the boundaries that fall within the specified limits, in this case the cold side of the heat sink.

After having set up the selections, the boundary conditions in the model have to be configured so they utilize the selections. From now on, the geometry can be updated without having to worry about the selections or the entity numbers that COMSOL Multiphysics uses internally. Now the model can be saved and used both from within the COMSOL Multiphysics® UI and from the MATLAB® software. Setting up the selections can, of course, also be carried out using the COMSOL API. To see how this is done, you can simply save the model as a model file for MATLAB® software, as described inPart 1 of the Working with M-Files series.

When you load a model that contains selections using LiveLink™forMATLAB®, you can view the selections using the wrapper functionmphviewselection. To see the selection for the cold side, you can executemphviewselection(model,'geom1_boxsel1').

Boundaries (inred) output by the box selection for the cold side of the heat sink when viewed using the commandmphviewselection.

Simulation

In the example inPart 2, I modified the geometry by adding more fins to the heat sink. Instead of usingmphselectboxmultiple times for each version of the geometry as I did there, here I add the selections to the model just once and leave the hard work of updating geometry and selections to the software.

First, you load the model into MATLAB® software using the mphload command:

It is very simple to write the code for changing the geometry and solving the model. By using the built-in COMSOL Multiphysics® software selections, there is no need to adjust anything when using MATLAB® software for updating the model. Thus, the loop becomes shorter than before:

Running this script produces the results plot shown below.

Temperature distribution in the heat sink for different fin configurations.

Verifying Selections

You can verify the settings that are included in a model by writing “model.selections”. MATLAB® software will write the names (tags) of the selections in the model:

You can find out what a selection contains by using the “mphgetselection” function, which for thegeom1_r2_bndselection gives this result:

What We Have Learned About Working with M-Files

There are several ways of making sure that selections for model settings are preserved when you introduce large changes to a model geometry. Using commands that come withLiveLink™forMATLAB®, you can keeping track of the entity numbers within specified coordinates. The downside of this approach is that you then have to continue using these commands for updating the geometry. The method will break down if you load the model into the COMSOL Desktop® environment. If you instead rely on named selections in the model tree, you can obtain the same result and also have the ability to work with the model both at the MATLAB® software command prompt and in the COMSOL Desktop®.

If you’ve been wondering whether or not we can do without entity numbers in selections, the answer is “Yes.” As you saw here, we can indeed do without manually fiddling with entity numbers in selections. It takes a little work to include named selections in the model, but they offer better usability and robustness.

Other Posts in This Series

1. Best Practice for Working with Model M-Files
2. How to Manually Work with Entity Numbers in Selections

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